KISI KISI SOAL
MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER 2
SMAN 8 BANJARMASIN
KODE SK DLM SILABUS DAN KOMPETENSI DASAR/ INDIKATOR
7 7.1 Mendengarkan
Merespon makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan
interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancer dan
berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan sederhana dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan meilibatkan tindak tutur:
berterima kasih, memuji, dan mengucapkan selamat
- Mengidentifikasi kata yang didengar
- Mengidentifikasi hubungan antar pembicara
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur berterima kasih
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur memuji
- Merespon tindak tutur berterima kasih
- Merespon tindak tutur memuji
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur selamat
- Merespon tindak tutur ungkapan selamat
9 9.1 Berbicara
Merespon makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan
interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancer dan
berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan sederhana dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan meilibatkan tindak tutur:
berterima kasih, memuji, dan mengucapkan selamat
Menggunakan tindak tutur berterima kasih
Merespon tindak tutur berterima kasih
Menggunakan tindak tutur memuji
Merespon tindak tutur memuji
Menggunakan tindak tutur selamat
Merespon tindak tutur selamat
11 11. 1 Membaca
Merespon makna dalam teks fungsional pendek (mis. pengumuman, iklan,
undangan dan lain lain ) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar dan
berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis dalam konteks kehidupan sehari
hari (DESKRIPTIF)
- Membaca nyaring bermakna wacana ragam tulis yang dibahas dengan ucapan
dan intonasi yang benar
- Mengidentifikasi topik dari teks yang dibaca
- Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu
- Mencari ide utama paragraph
- Mencari referensi
- Mengidentifikasi simple present
11 11.1 Membaca
Merespon makna dalam teks fungsional pendek sederhana (misalnya pengumuman,
undangan, iklan dll) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar, dan
berterima dalam berbagai konteks kehidupan sehari hari/ teks narrative
- Membaca nyaring dengan ucapan dan intonasi yang benar
- Mengidentifikasi topik dari teks yang dibaca
- Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu
- Mengidentifikasi simple past
- Menggunakan simple past
7 7.2 Mendengarkan
Merespon makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan
interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar dan
berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan sederhana dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan
melibatkan tindak tutur: menyatakan rasa terkejut, menyatakan rasa tak
percaya, serta menerima undangan, tawaran, dan ajakan
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur menyatakan rasa terkejut
- Merespon tindak tutur menyatakan rasa terkejut
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur menyatakan rasa tak percaya
- Merespon tindak tutur menyatakan rasa tak percaya
- Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur menerima undangan
- Merespon tindak tutur menerima undangan
9 9.2 Berbicara
Mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan
interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar
dan berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan sederhana dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan
melibatkan tindak tutur: menyatakan rasa terkejut, menyatakan rasa tak
percaya, serta menerima undangan, tawaran, dan ajakan
- Menggunakan tindak tutur menerima undangan
- Menggunakan tindak tutur tawaran
- Menggunakan tindak tutur ajakan
- Menggunakan ungkapan rasa tak percaya
11 11.2 Membaca
Merespon makna dan langkah langkah retorika dalam esei sederhana secara
akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam konteks kshidupan sehari hari dan untuk
mengakses ilmu pengetahuan dalam teks berbentuk narrative, descriptive, dan
news items (NEWS ITEM)
- Membaca nyaring dengan ucapan dan intonasi yang benar
- Mengidentifikasi main idea teks
- Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu / kejadian dalam teks/ inti berita
- Mengidenfikasi topik dari teks yang dibaca
- Mengidentifikasi reported speech
- Menggunakan reported speech
11 11.2 Membaca
Merespon makna dan langkah langkah retorika dalam esei sederhana secara
akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu pengetahuan dalm teks
berbentuk: narrative, descriptive, dan news item/ mat deskriptif
Mengidentifikasi makna kata dalam teks yang dibaca
Mengidentifikasi makna kalimat dalam teks yang dibaca
Mengidentifikasi ciri ciri benda/ orang yang dideskripsikan
Mengidentifikasi langkah langkah retorika dari teks
Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi teks dibaca
8 8.1 Mendengarkan
Merespon makna yang terdapat dalam teks lisan fungsional pendek sederhana
(misalnya pengumuman, undangan, iklan dll) resmi dan
tak resmi secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam berbagai konteks
kehidupan sehari hari/ materi pengumuman lisan dan naratif pendek
- Mengidentifikasi topik sebuah pengumuman lisan
- Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu dari pengumuman lisan
- Mengidentifikasi topik sebuah teks narratif pendek
- Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu dari teks narratif
10 10.1. a Berbicara
Mengungkapkan makna dalam bentuk teks lisan fungsional pendek sederhana
(misalnya pengumuman, undangan, iklan dll)
resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari hari/ materi undangan
- Menyampaikan Undangan Lisan
- Melakukan monolog untuk mengiklankan sesuatu
- Menggunakan bahasa lisan
12 12.1 Menulis
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek sederhana (misalnya
pengumuman, undangan, iklan dll)
resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan sehari hari/ teks narrative
Menulis gagasan utama
Mengelaborasi gagasan utama
Membuat draft, merevisi, menyunting
Menghasilkan teks fungsional pendek berbentuk naratif
12 12.1 Menulis
Mengungkapkan makna dalam bentuk teks tulis fungsional pendek (mis.
pengumuman, iklan, undangan dan lain lain ) resmi
dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang menggunakan
ragam bahasa tulis dalam konteks kehidupan sehari hari
- Menggunakan tata bahasa, kosakata, tanda baca, ejaan dan tata tulis
dengan akurat
- Menulis gagasan utama
- Mengelaborasi gagasan utama
- Menghasilkan teks fungsional pendek berbentuk deskriptif
8 8.1 Mendengarkan
Merespon makna dalam teks monolog sederhana yang menggunakan ragam bahasa
lisan secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari hari dalm teks berbentuk : narrative, descriptive, dan
news item/ teks lisan deskriptif dan lisan news item
Mengidentifikasi main idea dari teks yang didengar
Mengidentifikasi ciri ciri dari benda/ tempat/ orang yang didengar
Mengidentifikasi inti berita yang didengar
Mengidentifikasi sumber berita yang didengar
10 10.1 B Berbicara
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks monolog sederhana yang menggunakan ragam
bahasa lisan secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari hari dalm teks berbentuk : narrative,
descriptive, dan news item/ teks lisan deskriptif
Menggunakan kalimat simple present dalam mendeskripsikan benda/orang/tempat
bercerita secara lisan
12 12.2 Menulis
Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei sederhana secara akurat,
lancar, dan berterima dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari hari dalam teks berbentuk: narrative,
descriptive, dan news item/ teks deskriptif
- Menggunakan kalimat simple present dalam membuat sebuah deskripsi
- Menghasilkan teks berbentuk description
12 12.2 Menulis
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek (mis. pengumuman,
iklan, undangan dan lain lain )
resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang menggunakan
ragam bahasa / teks news items
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari hari
Menulis gagasan utama
Mengelaborasi gagasan utama
Membuat draft, merevisi, menyunting
Menghasilkan teks fungsional pendek berbentuk news items
Rabu, 20 Mei 2009
CONTOH MODUL
SMAN 8 BANJARMASIN
MODUL PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS : X
RPP PERTEMUAN XII SEMESTER 2
SUB POKOK BAHASAN : REPORTED SPEECH
BY ABDURRAHMAN, S.Pd
After you study this module, you are hoped to be able:
1. Understand the reported speech
2. Use the reported speech
The method of teaching is Grammar Translation Method under teacher guidance if necessary. Time needed to accomplish the lesson is 2 x 45 minutes or 1 meeting. As you know this module is the continuation of the previous modules. This one is still related in achieving the KD 11.2 or SK 11 in the Curriculum of KTSP in SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. The module consists of Explanation, Exercises, and Checking Ability. If you can master ,at least above 60 %, you can continue to the next module, if not, you are recommended to review the lesson until the percentage.
Setelah anda mempelajari modul ini, anda diharapkan mampu:
1. Memahami penggunaan reported speech
2. Menggunakan reported speech
Metode pengajaran adalah metode terjemah tata bahasa dibawah bimbingan guru jika diperlukan. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pelajaran ini adalah 2 x 45 menit atau 1 kali pertemuan. Sebagaimana anda ketahui modul ini adalah lanjutan dari modul sebelumnya. Modul ini masih berkaitan dengan pencapaian SK 11 atau KD 11.2 dalam kurikulum KTSP SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. Modul ini terdiri dari bagian Penjelasan, Latihan, dan Periksa Kemampuan. Jika anda mampu menguasai 60 % keatas maka anda boleh melanjutkan ke modul berikutnya, jika tidak maka anda direkomendasikan untuk mengulang sampai pada persentase tersebut.
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
Kalimat Tidak Langsung
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.
Kalau kita melaporkan apa yang orang lain katakan, kita biasanya tidak menggunakan kata/ kalimat yang persis seperti yang dikatakan orang tersebut, tetapi kalimat tidak langsung. Oleh sebab itu, anda perlu belajar bagaimana mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung. Struktur pembentukannya sedikit berbeda tergantung apakah anda mengubah dari sebuah pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau permintaan.
Statements / Pernyataan
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)/ example:
Ketika mengubah dari pernyataan, perhatikan apakah anda harus mengubah:
• kata ganti
• kata kerja ( orang ketiga tunggal)
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu
• pola tenses (perlu / tidak diubah)/ contoh:
Type Example
direct speech “I speak English.”
reported speech
(no backshift) He says that he speaks English.
reported speech
(backshift) He said that he spoke English.
Questions/ Pertanyaan
When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)
Also note that you have to:
• transform the question into an indirect question
• use the interrogative or if / whether
Ketika anda mengubah dari kalimat bertanya, perhatikan apakah anda perlu mengubah:
• kata ganti orang
• kata kerja (orang ke 3 tunggal)
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu
• pola tenses
juga perhatikan apakah anda harus:
• menubah pertayaan menjadi pertanyaan tidak langsung
• menggunakan kalimat bertanya atau penggunaan if/ whether. Contoh:
Type Example
with interrogative direct speech “Why don’t you speak English?”
reported speech He asked me why I didn’t speak English.
without interrogative direct speech “Do you speak English?”
reported speech He asked me whether / if I spoke English.
Requests/ Permintaan
When transforming requests, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• place and time expressions
Ketika anda mengubah dari permintaan, perhatikan apakah anda harus mengubah:
• kata ganti
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu. Contoh:
Type Example
direct speech “Carol, speak English.“
reported speech He told Carol to speak English.
Additional Information and Exceptions
Apart from the above mentioned basic rules, there are further aspects that you should keep in mind, for example:
• main clauses connected with and / but
• tense of the introductory clause
• reported speech for difficult tenses
• exceptions for backshift
• requests with must, should, ought to and let’s
Tambahan informasi dan Pengecualian
Ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan selain aturan dasar diatas:
• klausa utama dihubungkan dengan and atau but
• kata kerja pada klausa pertama
• kalimat tidak langsung dalam bentuk bentuk tenses yang rumit
• pengecualian untuk pengubahan kata kerja
• permintaan dengan pola yang lain yaitu dengan must, should, ought to dan let’s
Examples and Exceptions
Examples of Statements in Reported Speech
In reported speech, you often have to change the pronoun depending on who says what.
Example
She says, “My mum doesn’t have time today.” – She says that her mum doesn’t have time today.
Tenses
No backshift
Do not change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Present (e. g. He says). Note, however, that you might have to change the form of the present tense verb (3rd person singular).
Example
He says, “I speak English.” – He says that he speaks English.
Backshift
You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Past (e. g. He said). This is called backshift.
Example
He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Progressive Past Progressive
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to) was / were going to
Future I (will) Conditional I (would)
Conditional I (would)
The verbs could, should, would, might, must, needn’t, ought to, used to do not normally change.
Example:
He said, “She might be right.” – He said that she might be right.
Place and Time expressions
For place and time expressions you have to check whether place and time are the same in direct and reported speech or not. Check out the following example:
Therefore you always have to think which place and time expressions are logical in a certain situation.
In the following table, you will find ways of transforming place and time expressions into reported speech.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Today that day
Now then
Yesterday the day before
… days ago … days before
last week the week before
next year the following year
Tomorrow the next day / the following day
Here there
This that
These those
Questions in Reported Speech
For pronouns, tenses and place / time expressions see statements in reported speech.
Besides, note that instead of ‚that‘ you use the interrogative. If there is no interrogative, use ‚whether‘ / ‚if‘
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Statement He said: “She lives in London.“ He said that she lived in London
question with interrogative He asked:“Where does she live?“ He asked where she lived.
Question without interrogative He asked: “Does she live in London?“ He asked whether she lived in London.
He asked if she lived in London.
It is also important that you use an indirect question in reported speech, i.e. after the interrogative or ‚whether‘ / ‚if‘ you continue the sentence as if it were a statement (subject-verb etc.). The auxiliary verb ‚do‘ is not used in indirect questions.
Example:
He asked: “Where does she live?“ – He asked where she lived.
Examples/Requests in Reported Speech
For pronouns and place / time expressions see statements in reported speech. Tenses are not relevant for requests – simply use ‚to‘ + infinite verb.
Example:
She said, “Say hello to your mum.“ – She asked me to say hello to my mum.
For negative requests, use ‚not to‘ + infinite verb.
Example:
He said, “Don’t give up, Bob.“ – He advised Bob not to give up.
Mixed exercises
Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question.
1. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me
3. "I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me
5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said
6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
→ She told the boys
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.
→ She asked him
8. "I never make mistakes," he said.
→ He said
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.
→ He wanted to know
10. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
→ She told Ben
11. "I will get myself a drink," she says.
→ She says
12. "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
→ He wondered
13. "I cannot drive them home," he said.
→ He said
14. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
→ She asks Peter
15. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
→ She asked me
16. He said, "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her
17. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
→ He wanted to know
18. "Don't make so much noise," he says.
→ He asks us
19. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised the audience
20. "I was very tired," she said.
→ She said
Checking Ability
1. Checking your score with the formulae : skor anda = Jumlah jawaban benar x bobot ( 5 )
2. Checking your mastery with the formulae :
mastery = Jumlah jawaban benar x 100 %
Jumlah soal
Daftar Bacaan
Azar, Betty. S (1986). Basic English Grammar. Prentice Hall Regents. USA
Azar, Betty. S (1985). Fundamentals of English Grammar. Prentice Hall Regents. USA
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?11
Murphy, Raymond (1998). English Grammar in Use.Sec ed. Cambridge University Press UK
Zumakhsin, Yulia Mufarichah (2007). Progress. Ganeca Exact. Jakarta. Indonesia
Kunci Jawaban :
1. He said that he liked that song
2. She asked me where my sister was
3. She said that she didn’t speak Italian
4. They asked me to say hello to Jim
5. He said that the film had begun at seven o’clock
6. She told the boys not to play on the grass
7. She asked him where he had spent his money
8. He said that he never made mistakes
9. He wanted to know if she knew Robert
10. She told Ben to be careful
11. She says that she will get herself a drink atau she says that she would get herself a drink
12. He wondered why I hadn’t phoned him
13. He said that he couldn’t drive them home
14. She asks Peter if/ whether he preferred tea or coffee
15. She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before
16. He advised her not to go too far
17. He wanted to know if/ whether we had been shopping
18. He asks us not to make so much noise
19. The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home
20. She said that she had been very tired
MODUL PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS : X
RPP PERTEMUAN XII SEMESTER 2
SUB POKOK BAHASAN : REPORTED SPEECH
BY ABDURRAHMAN, S.Pd
After you study this module, you are hoped to be able:
1. Understand the reported speech
2. Use the reported speech
The method of teaching is Grammar Translation Method under teacher guidance if necessary. Time needed to accomplish the lesson is 2 x 45 minutes or 1 meeting. As you know this module is the continuation of the previous modules. This one is still related in achieving the KD 11.2 or SK 11 in the Curriculum of KTSP in SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. The module consists of Explanation, Exercises, and Checking Ability. If you can master ,at least above 60 %, you can continue to the next module, if not, you are recommended to review the lesson until the percentage.
Setelah anda mempelajari modul ini, anda diharapkan mampu:
1. Memahami penggunaan reported speech
2. Menggunakan reported speech
Metode pengajaran adalah metode terjemah tata bahasa dibawah bimbingan guru jika diperlukan. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pelajaran ini adalah 2 x 45 menit atau 1 kali pertemuan. Sebagaimana anda ketahui modul ini adalah lanjutan dari modul sebelumnya. Modul ini masih berkaitan dengan pencapaian SK 11 atau KD 11.2 dalam kurikulum KTSP SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. Modul ini terdiri dari bagian Penjelasan, Latihan, dan Periksa Kemampuan. Jika anda mampu menguasai 60 % keatas maka anda boleh melanjutkan ke modul berikutnya, jika tidak maka anda direkomendasikan untuk mengulang sampai pada persentase tersebut.
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
Kalimat Tidak Langsung
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.
Kalau kita melaporkan apa yang orang lain katakan, kita biasanya tidak menggunakan kata/ kalimat yang persis seperti yang dikatakan orang tersebut, tetapi kalimat tidak langsung. Oleh sebab itu, anda perlu belajar bagaimana mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung. Struktur pembentukannya sedikit berbeda tergantung apakah anda mengubah dari sebuah pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau permintaan.
Statements / Pernyataan
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)/ example:
Ketika mengubah dari pernyataan, perhatikan apakah anda harus mengubah:
• kata ganti
• kata kerja ( orang ketiga tunggal)
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu
• pola tenses (perlu / tidak diubah)/ contoh:
Type Example
direct speech “I speak English.”
reported speech
(no backshift) He says that he speaks English.
reported speech
(backshift) He said that he spoke English.
Questions/ Pertanyaan
When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)
Also note that you have to:
• transform the question into an indirect question
• use the interrogative or if / whether
Ketika anda mengubah dari kalimat bertanya, perhatikan apakah anda perlu mengubah:
• kata ganti orang
• kata kerja (orang ke 3 tunggal)
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu
• pola tenses
juga perhatikan apakah anda harus:
• menubah pertayaan menjadi pertanyaan tidak langsung
• menggunakan kalimat bertanya atau penggunaan if/ whether. Contoh:
Type Example
with interrogative direct speech “Why don’t you speak English?”
reported speech He asked me why I didn’t speak English.
without interrogative direct speech “Do you speak English?”
reported speech He asked me whether / if I spoke English.
Requests/ Permintaan
When transforming requests, check whether you have to change:
• pronouns
• place and time expressions
Ketika anda mengubah dari permintaan, perhatikan apakah anda harus mengubah:
• kata ganti
• tempat dan penunjuk waktu. Contoh:
Type Example
direct speech “Carol, speak English.“
reported speech He told Carol to speak English.
Additional Information and Exceptions
Apart from the above mentioned basic rules, there are further aspects that you should keep in mind, for example:
• main clauses connected with and / but
• tense of the introductory clause
• reported speech for difficult tenses
• exceptions for backshift
• requests with must, should, ought to and let’s
Tambahan informasi dan Pengecualian
Ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan selain aturan dasar diatas:
• klausa utama dihubungkan dengan and atau but
• kata kerja pada klausa pertama
• kalimat tidak langsung dalam bentuk bentuk tenses yang rumit
• pengecualian untuk pengubahan kata kerja
• permintaan dengan pola yang lain yaitu dengan must, should, ought to dan let’s
Examples and Exceptions
Examples of Statements in Reported Speech
In reported speech, you often have to change the pronoun depending on who says what.
Example
She says, “My mum doesn’t have time today.” – She says that her mum doesn’t have time today.
Tenses
No backshift
Do not change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Present (e. g. He says). Note, however, that you might have to change the form of the present tense verb (3rd person singular).
Example
He says, “I speak English.” – He says that he speaks English.
Backshift
You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Past (e. g. He said). This is called backshift.
Example
He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Progressive Past Progressive
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to) was / were going to
Future I (will) Conditional I (would)
Conditional I (would)
The verbs could, should, would, might, must, needn’t, ought to, used to do not normally change.
Example:
He said, “She might be right.” – He said that she might be right.
Place and Time expressions
For place and time expressions you have to check whether place and time are the same in direct and reported speech or not. Check out the following example:
Therefore you always have to think which place and time expressions are logical in a certain situation.
In the following table, you will find ways of transforming place and time expressions into reported speech.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Today that day
Now then
Yesterday the day before
… days ago … days before
last week the week before
next year the following year
Tomorrow the next day / the following day
Here there
This that
These those
Questions in Reported Speech
For pronouns, tenses and place / time expressions see statements in reported speech.
Besides, note that instead of ‚that‘ you use the interrogative. If there is no interrogative, use ‚whether‘ / ‚if‘
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Statement He said: “She lives in London.“ He said that she lived in London
question with interrogative He asked:“Where does she live?“ He asked where she lived.
Question without interrogative He asked: “Does she live in London?“ He asked whether she lived in London.
He asked if she lived in London.
It is also important that you use an indirect question in reported speech, i.e. after the interrogative or ‚whether‘ / ‚if‘ you continue the sentence as if it were a statement (subject-verb etc.). The auxiliary verb ‚do‘ is not used in indirect questions.
Example:
He asked: “Where does she live?“ – He asked where she lived.
Examples/Requests in Reported Speech
For pronouns and place / time expressions see statements in reported speech. Tenses are not relevant for requests – simply use ‚to‘ + infinite verb.
Example:
She said, “Say hello to your mum.“ – She asked me to say hello to my mum.
For negative requests, use ‚not to‘ + infinite verb.
Example:
He said, “Don’t give up, Bob.“ – He advised Bob not to give up.
Mixed exercises
Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question.
1. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me
3. "I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me
5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said
6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
→ She told the boys
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.
→ She asked him
8. "I never make mistakes," he said.
→ He said
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.
→ He wanted to know
10. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
→ She told Ben
11. "I will get myself a drink," she says.
→ She says
12. "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
→ He wondered
13. "I cannot drive them home," he said.
→ He said
14. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
→ She asks Peter
15. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
→ She asked me
16. He said, "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her
17. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
→ He wanted to know
18. "Don't make so much noise," he says.
→ He asks us
19. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised the audience
20. "I was very tired," she said.
→ She said
Checking Ability
1. Checking your score with the formulae : skor anda = Jumlah jawaban benar x bobot ( 5 )
2. Checking your mastery with the formulae :
mastery = Jumlah jawaban benar x 100 %
Jumlah soal
Daftar Bacaan
Azar, Betty. S (1986). Basic English Grammar. Prentice Hall Regents. USA
Azar, Betty. S (1985). Fundamentals of English Grammar. Prentice Hall Regents. USA
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?11
Murphy, Raymond (1998). English Grammar in Use.Sec ed. Cambridge University Press UK
Zumakhsin, Yulia Mufarichah (2007). Progress. Ganeca Exact. Jakarta. Indonesia
Kunci Jawaban :
1. He said that he liked that song
2. She asked me where my sister was
3. She said that she didn’t speak Italian
4. They asked me to say hello to Jim
5. He said that the film had begun at seven o’clock
6. She told the boys not to play on the grass
7. She asked him where he had spent his money
8. He said that he never made mistakes
9. He wanted to know if she knew Robert
10. She told Ben to be careful
11. She says that she will get herself a drink atau she says that she would get herself a drink
12. He wondered why I hadn’t phoned him
13. He said that he couldn’t drive them home
14. She asks Peter if/ whether he preferred tea or coffee
15. She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before
16. He advised her not to go too far
17. He wanted to know if/ whether we had been shopping
18. He asks us not to make so much noise
19. The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home
20. She said that she had been very tired
Selasa, 12 Mei 2009
SOAL SUSULAN MATA KULIAH CAR PROYEK DIKNAS
Petunjuk mengerjakan
1. Download soal ini/ boleh dipotokopi!
2. Jawaban harus diserahkan secara langsung dan tidak boleh menitip.
1. Carilah contoh PTK sebanyak 5 buah melalui browsing internet!
2. Ambil satu dari 5 PTK tersebut kemudian ubah PTK yang anda pilih tersebut dengan
perubahan sekitar 30 s.d 50 %. Ingat kajian teoritis jangan dirubah.
3. No 1 dan No 2 dikumpul bersama sama paling lambat 30 juni 2009. Semakin cepat
semakin baik. Sebelum mengumpul bisa menghubungi bapa di no. 085248976362
1. Download soal ini/ boleh dipotokopi!
2. Jawaban harus diserahkan secara langsung dan tidak boleh menitip.
SOAL
1. Carilah contoh PTK sebanyak 5 buah melalui browsing internet!
2. Ambil satu dari 5 PTK tersebut kemudian ubah PTK yang anda pilih tersebut dengan
perubahan sekitar 30 s.d 50 %. Ingat kajian teoritis jangan dirubah.
3. No 1 dan No 2 dikumpul bersama sama paling lambat 30 juni 2009. Semakin cepat
semakin baik. Sebelum mengumpul bisa menghubungi bapa di no. 085248976362
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